A flawless website is crucial for maintaining a strong online reputation and delivering a seamless user experience. Bugs in web applications can lead to frustrated users, lost sales, and reputational damage. To prevent this, businesses should leverage web application testing services, automated website testing, and eCommerce website testing to detect and fix issues early. Partnering with top website testing companies and using web testing sites ensures optimal performance across devices. Implementing web application testing automation and working with a reliable web app testing company helps streamline debugging and minimize downtime. This guide explores the importance of early bug detection, the impact on user experience, and the best web application testing techniques. We’ll also highlight a list of website testing companies that specialize in automated web app testing, helping businesses enhance website security, performance, and usability.
1. Understanding the Importance of Website Bug Detection
1.1 The Impact of Bugs on User Experience
A website’s smallest flaw can cause performance issues, interfere with functionality, and make using it frustrating. Users of today demand that websites be error-free, quick, and responsive. They are inclined to depart and look for alternatives, frequently turning to competitors when they run into problems like broken forms, unclickable buttons, or unsuccessful purchases.
Businesses should spend money on website testing services and automated website testing services to prevent these difficulties and find and fix errors before they affect users. Testing mobile websites and web apps guarantees smooth operation across a variety of hardware, operating systems, and browsers. Performance, security, and usability problems can be quickly identified by using sophisticated online application testing methods, such as automated web application testing with Selenium. By implementing web application testing software, companies can optimize website performance, enhance user satisfaction, and reduce bounce rates. A thoroughly tested website not only improves engagement and customer retention but also strengthens brand reputation and contributes to long-term business growth.
1.2 How Bugs Can Affect Your Business Reputation
More than just annoying users, a broken website can damage your brand’s reputation and turn off potential buyers. User confidence in your company may be damaged by poor performance, security threats, or technical issues. This is especially problematic for eCommerce websites, as even minor problems during the checkout process can result in lost revenue and abandoned shopping carts. In order to avoid these issues, companies should either work with a web application testing services company or invest in expert website testing services to make sure their website is fully tested before going live. Automated testing of websites and online applications helps businesses find and address problems before they affect users. A reliable web application testing framework ensures that performance issues, security flaws, and functionality errors are addressed before they reach users. This proactive approach protects your reputation, enhances customer trust, and contributes to long-term business success.
1.3 Why Early Bug Detection Saves Time and Money
Fixing website bugs after they’ve been discovered by users can be expensive and time-consuming. A minor issue left undetected can escalate into a major system failure, causing downtime and revenue loss. Investing in web application testing services early in the development process helps businesses catch and fix issues before they become critical.
Automated web application testing and web application testing automation reduce the need for manual testing, speeding up the debugging process and minimizing errors. Website testing automation tools can continuously monitor a site’s functionality, ensuring bugs are detected in real time.
By leveraging web application testing checklists and website testing software, businesses can maintain high website performance while saving costs associated with post-launch bug fixes. Companies offering website testing services in the UK, the USA, and globally help organizations prevent downtime, protect user experience, and maintain a competitive edge.
Common Types of Website Bugs You Need to Watch For
Ensuring a website functions smoothly across different platforms and user scenarios requires thorough web application testing services. Whether you’re performing manual or automated website testing, detecting and fixing website bugs is crucial for user experience, performance, security, and compatibility. Below are the most common types of website bugs you need to watch for during web app testing, along with the best approaches to identify and resolve them using website testing services.
2.1 Functional Bugs
Because they have a direct effect on how users interact with the website or application, functional faults rank among the most important problems in web application testing. When a feature doesn’t work as intended, these defects arise, resulting in malfunctioning features and annoying user experiences.Â
Common Functional Bugs Identified in Website Testing Services:
- Broken links and navigation errors – Pages that do not load correctly or redirect to the wrong location.
- Forms that fail to submit properly – Contact forms, signup/login forms, and checkout processes that do not validate input correctly.
- Payment gateway failures – A crucial issue in eCommerce website testing, where transactions fail due to incorrect API integrations or security errors.
- Search and filter malfunctions – Users not getting relevant search results or incorrect product filtering.
- Authentication and authorization errors – Issues with login, password resets, or access control leading to security risks.
How to Detect and Fix Functional Bugs:
- Use web application testing software and automated web site testing tools like Selenium to execute test cases efficiently.
- Implement manual and automated web application testing techniques for in-depth validation.
- Leverage web application testing frameworks to simulate user interactions and identify broken functionalities before deployment.
2.2 Performance Issues
The speed, responsiveness, and general effectiveness of a website or web application are all greatly impacted by performance problems. Performance testing is an essential part of website testing services because a slow website can result in high bounce rates and lost income.Â
Common Performance Issues Found in Web Application Testing:
- Slow page load times – Pages taking too long to render due to unoptimized images, heavy scripts, or inefficient database queries.
- Server response delays – Poor backend performance causing API timeouts and slow processing.
- Memory leaks and excessive resource usage – High CPU and memory consumption affect the website’s stability.
- Unstable performance under high traffic – The website fails under load due to inadequate server capacity.
How to Detect and Fix Performance Issues:
- Use web application testing automation tools to conduct scalability, load, and stress tests.
- To examine server performance, use website testing tools such as LoadRunner or JMeter.
- To speed up response times, optimize database queries and use caching techniques.
- Use automated web application testing services to keep an eye on performance indicators all the time.Â
2.3 Security Vulnerabilities
Security vulnerabilities are among the most serious issues found during web application testing, as they can lead to data breaches, hacking attempts, and unauthorized access to sensitive information. Websites dealing with personal data, financial transactions, or confidential business information must undergo advanced web application testing services to ensure security compliance.
Common Security Bugs Identified in Web Application Testing Services:
- SQL injection (SQLi) – Attackers inject malicious SQL queries to gain access to database records.
- Cross-site scripting (XSS) – Hackers executing scripts within user sessions to steal data or manipulate website behavior.
- Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) – Unauthorized actions performed on behalf of authenticated users.
- Weak authentication and password vulnerabilities – Easy-to-guess passwords, lack of multi-factor authentication, or improper session management.
- Data encryption flaws – Insecure data storage or transmission leading to sensitive data exposure.
How to Detect and Fix Security Vulnerabilities:
- Utilize web application testing services focused on security, such as penetration testing and vulnerability scanning.
- Implement automated website testing services that simulate cyberattacks to identify weaknesses.
- Follow website testing automation best practices to continuously monitor for security threats.
- Encrypt sensitive data and enforce strong authentication mechanisms using web application testing frameworks.
2.4 Compatibility and UI/UX Bugs
A website’s usability and visual appeal across various browsers, devices, and screen resolutions are impacted by compatibility and UI/UX problems. Mobile website testing and web app testing services are crucial since a badly built or non-responsive website results in greater bounce rates and a bad user experience.Â
Common Compatibility and UI/UX Issues in Website Testing Services:
- Inconsistent layouts across browsers – Website elements appear differently on Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.
- Non-responsive design on mobile devices – Poor rendering on smartphones and tablets due to missing media queries.
- Broken UI elements – Buttons, menus, and images not displaying or functioning properly.
- Poor accessibility – Websites not optimized for screen readers, missing alt text, or failing to meet WCAG compliance standards.
How to Detect and Fix Compatibility and UI/UX Bugs:
- Use automated website testing technologies such as BrowserStack or LambdaTest to do cross-browser testing.
- To verify that an application is responsive across a range of screen sizes, use web application testing software.
- To maximize performance on all devices, test your mobile website.
- To find problems and enhance the user experience, test usability with actual users.
The Role of Manual and Automated Testing in Bug Detection
Detecting and eliminating bugs is a critical part of website testing and web application testing. Businesses and developers must choose between manual testing and automated web application testing based on their project needs. Each method has its advantages, and combining both can enhance the overall efficiency of web app testing services.
3.1 When to Use Manual Testing
Manual website testing services play an essential role in areas where human intuition, creativity, and real-world usage scenarios are crucial. Web application testing techniques like exploratory testing help testers uncover unexpected defects that automated tools might not detect.
Situations Where Manual Testing is Essential:
- User Experience (UX) Testing: Human testers can assess the website’s look, feel, and ease of navigation, which is essential for ecommerce website testing services and mobile website testing.
- Testing New Features: Before automation scripts are created, manual website testing services allow for quick feedback on new functionalities.
- Visual UI Testing: Identifying design inconsistencies, misalignment, and color issues in a website’s UI requires human observation.
- Complex Test Scenarios: Some web application testing cases require exploratory testing, where testers simulate real-user interactions to find defects.
- Short-Term or One-Time Testing Needs: If a feature or update requires quick testing without ongoing test automation, manual testing is a cost-effective solution.
Many website testing companies and web application testing companies in the UK and USA rely on manual testing for usability and ecommerce website testing to ensure a seamless shopping experience.
3.2 The Benefits of Automated Testing
While manual testing is effective in certain scenarios, automated web application testing is crucial for large-scale and repetitive testing. Using automated website testing software saves time and increases efficiency, making it an integral part of modern web application testing services.
Key Benefits of Automated Web Site Testing:
- Speed and Efficiency: Automated tests run faster than manual tests, making them ideal for large and complex web applications.
- Accuracy and Reliability: Eliminates human errors in test execution and ensures consistency across tests.
- Regression Testing: Automated tests can quickly re-run existing test cases to confirm that new updates do not break functionality.
- Cross-Browser and Cross-Device Testing: Automated web application testing services can test websites across different browsers, operating systems, and devices efficiently.
- Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD) Support: Many web application testing automation tools integrate with CI/CD pipelines to automate testing in real-time.
Top website testing companies recommend using tools like Selenium web application testing services and website testing automation solutions to streamline testing workflows.
3.3 Combining Both for Maximum Efficiency
For the best results, web app testing companies and web application testing services companies combine manual and automated testing. This hybrid approach ensures both usability and technical efficiency.
How to Effectively Combine Manual and Automated Testing:
- Use Manual Testing for Exploratory, UI, and UX Testing – Human testers can assess usability issues, mobile website testing needs, and design inconsistencies.
- Automate Repetitive and Regression Tests – Automate functional tests that need to be executed frequently.
- Follow a Web Application Testing Checklist – Ensure that all website testing services cover necessary test cases, including security, performance, and usability testing.
- Integrate Testing with Development – Using web application testing frameworks, businesses can run automated web site testing alongside development to catch bugs early.
By implementing manual and automated web application testing services, companies can improve test accuracy and reduce the time required for web application testing service execution.
Essential Tools for Detecting Website Bugs
Choosing the right web application testing software or website testing software is crucial for effective bug detection. Both free and paid website testing tools offer solutions for different website testing needs.
4.1 Best Free and Paid Website Testing Tools
Top Free Website and Web App Testing Tools:
- Selenium – The most widely used automated web application testing tool, perfect for website testing automation.
- TestCafe – Ideal for browser-based web app testing with support for different frameworks.
- Apache JMeter – Best suited for performance testing of web applications and ecommerce website testing services.
- Postman – Useful for API testing within web application testing services.
4.2 How to Choose the Right Tool for Your Needs
Selecting the right web application testing framework or website testing software depends on several factors.
Key Considerations When Choosing a Testing Tool:
- Project requirements: Are you testing a sophisticated online application, a mobile website, or an e-commerce website?
- Budget and Resources: While free tools like Selenium are great for developers, businesses may want more sophisticated web application testing technologies.
- Scalability: Verify that the program is capable of managing extensive web application testing services
- Integration Capabilities: Can the tool be integrated with your CI/CD workflow and bug-tracking program?
Automated web application testing tools are recommended by numerous website and web application testing service providers to increase productivity while preserving manual oversight.Â
4.3 Integrating Bug Tracking Software with Your Development Process
To maximize efficiency, web app testing companies use bug tracking software to streamline their web application testing services. These tools help developers track, manage, and resolve issues efficiently.
Top Bug Tracking Tools for Web Application Testing:
- JIRA – Widely used by website testing companies for tracking and managing bugs.
- Bugzilla – An open-source bug tracking system that integrates with web application testing frameworks.
- Trello – Great for managing website testing services in agile workflows.
Benefits of Bug Tracking Software Integration:
- Centralized Bug Management: All issues are documented and tracked in one place.
- Improved Collaboration: Teams can coordinate website testing services and development tasks efficiently.
- Faster Issue Resolution: Bugs can be identified and fixed quickly, improving overall web application testing service quality.
By integrating manual and automated web application testing services with bug tracking software, businesses can enhance web application testing efficiency and reduce software defects.
How to Conduct Thorough Website Testing
5.1 Creating a Website Testing Checklist
A website testing checklist is essential to ensure every critical aspect of your web application is tested thoroughly. Whether performing manual website testing services or utilizing automated website testing software, this checklist helps cover all functional and non-functional requirements. Functionality testing is a fundamental step in web application testing. It involves verifying that all links, forms, buttons, and interactive elements work as expected. A web application testing company ensures that there are no broken links, incorrect form validations, or navigation errors that could impact user experience. Performance testing is crucial for evaluating page load speed, responsiveness, and scalability. Using automated website testing services, businesses can simulate real-world user traffic and analyze how well their website handles different load conditions.
Security vulnerabilities pose a major threat to web applications. Web application testing services companies conduct security testing to detect risks like SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and data breaches. Ensuring compliance with security protocols is essential to protect user data and maintain trust. Usability testing helps determine how easy it is for users to navigate the site and complete their intended actions. A website testing company evaluates readability, accessibility, and the overall user experience. For e-commerce website testing, the entire checkout process, payment gateway integration, and order tracking system must be tested rigorously. A smooth e-commerce experience prevents potential revenue loss due to abandoned carts or transaction failures. By following a structured website testing service, businesses can ensure a flawless, user-friendly, and secure online presence.
5.2 Testing Across Different Browsers and Devices
With the vast number of browsers and devices available today, ensuring a consistent user experience across all platforms is crucial. Cross-browser and cross-device testing ensures that the website functions correctly, regardless of the browser or operating system a user is using. A website testing services company conducts cross-browser testing to verify that the site behaves as expected on browsers such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Edge, and Opera. Elements like layout, fonts, animations, and interactive features must be checked for inconsistencies.
Testing across multiple devices is equally important. Users access websites on desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones, so ensuring mobile website testing compatibility is essential. A website testing services provider ensures that the website adapts responsively to different screen sizes without affecting usability. Another important consideration is operating system compatibility. To make sure that no system-specific issues impede the user experience, a web application testing business examines how the website functions on Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android. This procedure can be streamlined by using automated web application testing tools such as Selenium, BrowserStack, or LambdaTest, which enable developers to test in numerous settings at once. Businesses can drastically lower the likelihood of browser-related problems and give every user a flawless experience by implementing automated website testing services.
5.3 Ensuring Smooth User Interactions with Usability Testing
Usability testing plays a vital role in web app testing, ensuring that users can interact with the website effortlessly. A website testing company focuses on analyzing how intuitive the design is, whether the navigation is user-friendly and whether all features are easily accessible. A well-structured website should offer ease of navigation, allowing users to move through different sections effortlessly. If menus, buttons, or forms are not intuitive, users may become frustrated and leave the site. When testing a website, readability and accessibility are equally crucial considerations.
To guarantee that people with disabilities can easily navigate and engage with the information, the website must adhere to the Web Information Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). A/B testing, heatmaps, and behavior tracking are examples of real-user testing methods that offer insightful information about user interactions. By pinpointing issues and enhancing user engagement, advanced web application testing services assist companies in improving the user journey. By investing in website testing services, businesses can enhance user experience, increase retention rates, and drive more conversions.
Debugging Techniques: How to Fix Bugs Efficiently
6.1 Identifying the Root Cause of a Bug
Even after thorough web application testing, bugs may still appear. To fix them efficiently, it’s crucial to identify their root cause. Website testing services categorize bugs into various types based on their nature and impact.
UI/UX issues often arise due to layout inconsistencies, broken images, or missing elements. Automated web site testing software helps detect such visual defects early. Functionality bugs can include issues like non-working forms, login failures, or broken links. A web application testing services company ensures all features work as intended before deployment. Performance-related issues may cause slow page loads, laggy animations, or high server response times. Using automated web application testing, developers can simulate high traffic loads and detect bottlenecks before they affect users. Cross-browser compatibility bugs occur when a feature behaves differently on various browsers. A website testing company ensures that JavaScript functions, CSS elements, and third-party integrations work across all platforms. By leveraging automated website testing services, businesses can detect issues before they escalate, reducing the risk of user frustration.
6.2 Debugging Using Developer Tools
Developer tools are essential for analyzing and fixing website issues efficiently. Website testing companies use browser-based tools such as Chrome DevTools, Firefox Developer Edition, and Edge DevTools for debugging. Inspecting elements allows developers to analyze HTML, CSS, and JavaScript components. If an element appears misaligned or hidden, developers can quickly identify and fix the issue. Console logging is a powerful technique for debugging JavaScript errors. By inserting log statements into the code, developers can track how the script executes and detect any unexpected behaviors.
Network monitoring helps analyze API calls, server requests, and page load times. If a site is taking too long to load, website testing automation tools can pinpoint the cause and optimize performance. Error tracking tools like Sentry, LogRocket, and Bugsnag provide real-time monitoring of application errors, making it easier for web application testing services to address issues proactively. By incorporating automated web application testing, businesses can streamline debugging and maintain high-performance websites.
6.3 When to Involve Your Development Team
While many bugs can be fixed through website testing services, some issues require escalation to the development team. Knowing when to involve developers ensures that critical problems are resolved promptly. If a bug affects core functionality, such as checkout failures in an e-commerce platform, it must be addressed immediately. E-commerce website testing services ensure that payment processing, order confirmations, and shopping cart functionalities work without issues. Third-party integration failures can disrupt essential features like API connections, payment gateways, or embedded tools. A web application testing company works with developers to resolve these problems efficiently. Backend issues, such as database crashes, server failures, or corrupted data, require technical expertise. A web application testing services company ensures that all backend logic is tested thoroughly before deployment. For a seamless debugging process, web application testing automation can be used alongside manual testing to detect and fix issues quickly.
7. The Importance of Continuous Monitoring and Testing
Web application testing and website testing services are essential to guarantee a flawless user experience in the fast-paced digital world of today. Businesses may find and address problems before they affect users by using continuous web testing. Consistent testing and monitoring lower risks and boost speed, whether you’re using a sophisticated automated web app testing framework or an eCommerce website testing provider.Â
7.1 Implementing Real-Time Monitoring for Websites
Real-time monitoring is essential for website testing automation as it helps detect performance bottlenecks, security vulnerabilities, and functional errors instantly. By leveraging automated website testing services, companies can track uptime, response times, and potential failures, ensuring uninterrupted service. Leading website testing companies in the UK and USA provide robust monitoring solutions tailored to different business needs.
7.2 How Automated Tests Can Detect Issues Before Users Do
Automated web application testing plays a crucial role in proactive bug detection. With tools like Selenium, businesses can execute automated website testing to simulate real-user interactions, identify failures, and streamline the debugging process. Implementing website testing software and AI-driven web application testing automation ensures that issues are flagged before they affect end users.
7.3 The Role of AI in Predictive Bug Detection
AI-powered web application testing techniques enhance traditional web app testing by predicting bugs before they occur. Machine learning algorithms analyze historical data to detect patterns in code that may lead to future failures. Top web application testing companies integrate AI-driven automated website testing into their processes to deliver faster and more accurate results.
8. Best Practices for Preventing Bugs in the First Place
While rigorous web application testing services are essential, preventing bugs from occurring in the first place is even better. By following best practices, development teams can minimize errors and improve software quality.
8.1 Writing Clean and Maintainable Code
A well-structured, maintainable codebase is the foundation of effective web app testing. Code reviews, proper documentation, and adherence to coding standards improve readability and reduce defects. Many website testing companies emphasize clean coding as part of their web application testing frameworks.
8.2 Following a Structured Development Process
A structured development workflow, including website testing automation, helps prevent bugs from slipping into production. Agile methodologies, continuous integration, and automated website testing ensure that new updates do not introduce unforeseen issues. Leading web application testing companies in the UK and USA follow standardized development cycles for better software stability.
8.3 Using Version Control for Better Bug Tracking
Git and other version control systems facilitate effective developer collaboration, change tracking, and the rollback of problematic modifications. Version control is used by website testing services to incorporate automated website testing, which facilitates the identification and fixing of problems. For eCommerce website testing services, where frequent modifications necessitate close observation, this strategy is crucial.
Businesses may drastically lower software faults and provide a faultless user experience by integrating web application testing services, AI-driven automated web app testing, and organized development techniques.Â
Addressing Security Bugs Before They Become Threats
Web applications and websites are vulnerable to various security threats that can compromise user data, disrupt business operations, and damage an organization’s reputation. Security bugs often start as minor vulnerabilities but, if left unaddressed, can escalate into serious threats. This is why web application testing services and website testing services play a crucial role in identifying and mitigating these risks before they cause harm. From automated security scanning to penetration testing, web testing services help uncover weaknesses that cybercriminals might exploit.
Common Website Security Vulnerabilities
For developers and testers, security flaws are one of the biggest worries. Cyberattacks frequently target websites and web apps, particularly those that handle sensitive user data. Among the most frequent security vulnerabilities include security misconfigurations, SQL injection (SQLi), cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request forgery (CSRF), and broken authentication. Hackers may be able to alter databases, steal private data, or enter restricted regions without authorization thanks to these flaws.
An attacker could, for example, alter database queries to obtain user passwords, credit card numbers, or other private data by taking advantage of a SQL injection vulnerability. In a similar vein, malicious scripts may be introduced into a web page via cross-site scripting (XSS), which may result in identity theft or session hijacking.Â
How to Perform Security Testing on Your Website
Thorough security testing is necessary to guarantee the security of a website or web application. Several testing methods, such as automated and human web application testing, are used in this process. Using web application testing software that can find vulnerabilities and potential hazards is the first step. Automated scanning features offered by well-known security testing tools like Selenium, OWASP ZAP, and Burp Suite can be used to find flaws in session management, input validation, and authentication.Â
Penetration testing, in which ethical hackers mimic actual cyberattacks to find weaknesses, is another essential security testing technique. Professional penetration testing services are provided by a large number of web application testing firms, guaranteeing that apps are examined for possible security risks prior to becoming live. Frameworks for automated web application testing also aid in streamlining security evaluations, increasing their efficacy and efficiency.
To find coding mistakes that could result in security breaches, manual code reviews are essential in addition to testing techniques. To make sure that apps follow the most recent security guidelines, a number of website testing businesses in the USA and the UK offer professional security assessments.Â
Protecting User Data with Secure Development Practices
Testing is only one aspect of security; it needs to be ingrained from the beginning of the development process. Automated website testing and secure coding techniques can greatly lower the chance of security breaches. Using HTTPS, which encrypts data sent between users and the website, is one of the most crucial security precautions. Without HTTPS, websites are susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks, which allow hackers to intercept and alter data being sent.
Secure authentication techniques must be used in addition to HTTPS to stop unwanted access. An additional degree of security beyond a username and password is provided by multi-factor authentication (MFA), which is generally advised. MFA testing is frequently included in web application testing services’ security assessments. Additionally, encryption is essential for protecting sensitive data. Frameworks for testing web applications should make sure that data is securely secured while it’s in transit and at rest. Strong cryptographic techniques like bcrypt or Argon2 should be used to hash passwords rather than storing them in plain text. Since financial transactions need to be shielded from fraud and unauthorized access, encryption is a top priority for businesses offering eCommerce website testing services.Â
Final Steps: Documenting and Learning from Bugs
Security testing involves ongoing learning and development in addition to finding and addressing vulnerabilities. Development teams can monitor security vulnerabilities over time, identify patterns, and stop reoccurring issues by maintaining a bug record. The significance of thoroughly documenting defects, including the type of vulnerability, how it was found, and the actions done to fix it, is stressed by website testing businesses. For upcoming testing initiatives, this documentation is a useful resource.
Web application testing checklists can be enhanced by a well-maintained bug log, which guarantees that common vulnerabilities are proactively tested for in subsequent development cycles. Bug reports are used by many web application testing service providers to improve their security testing tactics, strengthening and streamlining their testing procedures.Â
Encouraging a Testing Culture in Your Team
More than simply routine testing is necessary for a robust security posture; developers, testers, and other stakeholders must adopt a culture of ongoing security awareness. Teams may stay up to date on the newest security threats and best practices by holding regular security workshops. Leading website testing firms frequently offer training sessions to inform teams about common vulnerabilities and efficient fixes.
It’s also critical to promote cooperation between developers and testers. A lot of security problems are caused by misunderstandings or ignorance. Organizations can create more secure online applications by promoting cross-functional collaboration and including security testing into the software development lifecycle (SDLC).